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Amines are organic compounds which contain and are often actually based on one or more atoms of nitrogen. Structurally amines resemble ammonia in that the nitrogen can bond up to three hydrogens, but amines also have additional properties based on their carbon connectivity.
Amines are classified as primary, secondary (or) tertiary according to the number of groups attached to the nitrogen atom. If one alkyl group has replaced one hydrogen atom of ammonia, it is a primary amine (amine group or amine functional group of primary amine is – NH2). Similarly, if two hydrogens are replaced, it is secondary amine and if all the three are replaced, it is tertiary amine (e.g trimethyl amine).
1. Basicity of amines – The stability of amines and the sequence of basicity of different amines.
2. Preparation of amines – Methods of preparations and the reagents used.
3. Reactions of amines – The reactions such as alkylation, acylation, halogenation, nitration, and sulphonation are important and often questions pertaining to these topics are asked.
4. Chemical properties of amines – The different chemical reactions that take place and the conditions required.
5. Test for amines – The test for primary, secondary or tertiary amines and compounds and reagents used in these tests.
6. All the Named reactions associated with amines.
Classification of Amines:
Depending upon the number of hydrogen atoms that are replaced by an alkyl or aryl group in ammonia, amines are classified as primary (1o), secondary (2o) and tertiary (3o). If only one hydrogen atom is replaced then amines of the form R-NH2 or primary amines (1o) are obtained. If two of the three hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl/aryl groups then secondary amines are formed. If all the three hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl/aryl group then tertiary amines are obtained.
A primary (1º) amine is an amine that has the following general structural formula. R= alkyl, aryl. eg: The NH2 group in a primary amine molecule is called the primary amine group. See also secondary amine, tertiary amine.
A secondary (2º) amine is an amine that has the following general structural formula. R1, R2 = alkyl and/or aryl. eg: The NH group in a secondary amine molecule is called the secondary amine group.
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