Explain the OSI ( Open Systems Interconnection ) reference model with diagram? OSI (pronounced as separate letters) is short for Open System Interconnection.
OSI is an ISO standard for worldwide communications that defines a networking framework for implementing protocols in seven layers. Control is passed from one layer to the next, starting at the application layer in one station, proceeding to the bottom layer, over the channel to the next station and back up the hierarchy.
OSI Support
At one time, most vendors agreed to support OSI in one form or another, but OSI was too loosely defined and proprietary standards were too entrenched. Except for the OSI-compliant X.400 and X.500 e-mail and directory standards, which are widely used, what was once thought to become the universal communications standard now serves as the teaching model for all other protocols.
Most of the functionality in the OSI model exists in all communications systems, although two or three OSI layers may be incorporated into one.
OSI is also referred to as the OSI Reference Model or just the OSI Model.
OSI is also an abbreviation for Open Source Initiative.
How osi works in Nepali ?
Virtually all networks in use today are based in some fashion on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) standard. OSI was developed in 1984 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), a global federation of national standards organizations representing approximately 130 countries.
The core of this standard is the OSI Reference Model, a set of seven layers that define the different stages that data must go through to travel from one device to another over a network. In this article, you'll find out all about the OSI standard.
Application layer: It is responsible for providing network services to the user. It is also known as desktop layer.
2. Presentation layer: It is responsible for concerting data into standard format. eg. ASCII, JPG, MPG, BMP.
3. Session layer: It is responsible for establishing maintaining and terminating session. Session ID work at session layer.
RPC- Remote procedure call
SQL- Structured query language
NFS- Network File System
4. Transport layer: It is responsible for end- to- end connectivity. It is also known as the heart of OSI layers. Following tasks are performed at transport layer:
i. Indentifying service
ii. Multiplexing and De-multiplexing
iii. Segmentation
iv. Sequencing and reassembling
v. Error correction
vi. Flow control
5. Network layer: It is responsible for providing best path for data to reach the destination. Logical addressing works on this layer. Router is a Network layer device.
6. Data link layer: It is divided into two sub layers.
a. LLC: Logical link control which talks about WAN protocols.
b. MAC: Media Access Control which talk about physical address. It is responsible for error detection also.
7. Physical layer: It is responsible for electrical mechanical and procedural checks. Data will be converted into Binary (i.e.) O's and I's devices working at physical layer are Hubs, Repeaters, cable, Modem etc.
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