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#6 Looking for Richard
Richard III had a relatively short reign when he was killed in battle in 1485. His corpse was transported and later buried without ceremony at Greyfriars Priory Church In Leicester (LES-ter). After that, Richard’s unmarked tomb was lost. It wasn’t found until centuries later. In 2012, his remains were located in a car parking lot in Leicester where the Greyfriars Church once stood. After the remains underwent a DNA analysis, it was confirmed that the skeleton was indeed that of Richard III. In 2015 the royal remains were re-buried at Leicester Cathedral, this time with plenty of ceremonies. Did you know there was evidence showing that Richard did have a curved spine? But he wasn’t hunch-backed as is depicted in Shakespeare’s play.
#5 The Antikythera Mechanism
This strange device resembled a lump of fused metal that was discovered in a shipwreck by sponge divers off the Greek coast in 1901. The mysterious archaeological find is a device that features a complex clockwork mechanism made up of at least 30 meshing bronze gears. It was originally regarded as a type of navigational instrument. But it was later identified as an ancient analogue computer and orrery (oh-rare-ee), which is a mechanical model of the solar system. It’s thought that the device was used for predicting eclipses and the movements of stars and planets for astrological and calendrical purposes. Researchers theorize the device was created by Greek scientists, and has been dated as far back as 205 BC.
#4 Herculaneum
You already know that Mount Vesuvius erupted and destroyed the city of Pompeii. The story is legendary, and the city’s remains are one of Italy’s biggest tourist attractions. Not so well known is the another location that was destroyed by Vesuvius on that same day in 79 AD. Herculaneum was a Roman town that was blasted by scorching lava and volcanic gas, which carbonized everything there. As a result, the area was remarkably well preserved over the ages. It was discovered in 1709 when a farmer uncovered some elaborate statues while he was digging a well. They indicated the presence of the city’s theater, which had been laying there undisturbed for a millennium. Major excavation of the site began in 1738, but enthusiasm waned after the ruins of Pompeii were discovered nearby. The city remained semi-buried until 1927 when 15 acres of the site were excavated. Further efforts led to the restoration of Roman houses and other artifacts. Even with conservation measures in place today, much of the site is still unexcavated.
#3 Lascaux Caves
This location in southwestern France is sometimes called the ‘Sistine Chapel of Prehistoric Art’. Nearly 6,000 ancient works of art can be found in this cave that date back an estimated 17,000 years to the Upper Paleolithic. The entrance was found in 1940 by a teenager when his dog fell into a hole. Along with three of his friends, the quartet accessed the cave down a shaft that measured about 49 feet deep (15 m). There they found the rock walls covered with ancient drawings and paintings that depicted animals. By 1948 the caves were opened to the public before being closed in 1963 to preserve the artwork from contamination. A duplicate cave that contains artwork replicated from the original ‘Great Hall of the Bulls’ was created nearby in 1983.
#2 Rosetta Stone
Archaeologists say that this legendary chunk of igneous rock was carved around 196 BC during the reign of King Ptolemy (TOL-uh-mee) the Fifth. In fact all three scripts found on the Stone describe a decree that was issued on the King’s behalf, and lists a number of his good deeds. With a height of nearly 4 feet (116 cm) and weighing some 1,680 pounds (760 kg), it was originally displayed in a temple. It was moved around Egypt over the ages and at one point served as building material in a fort near the city of Rosetta. The stone was re-discovered at that fort by a French soldier during Napoleon’s campaign in 1799. After being taken to France it took 20 years until the scripts were transliterated. That led to a watershed of knowledge, including the decipherment of hieroglyphics and a greater understanding of Ancient Egyptian culture. Today it’s the most visited artifact at the British Museum in London.
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